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The low productivity of cotton cultivation poses a threat to the economic viability of small-scale farms. This article examines the economic performance of cotton farms based on the adoption level of cultural practices and agroecological zones in Benin. The data used is derived from 700 cotton farms. The results reveal a positive correlation between economic performance and the adoption level of cultural practices. Cotton farms in the Northern-Central region adopt these practices more extensively and display superior economic performance. Conversely, cotton production is less profitable in the Southern and Central-Benin, irrespective of the farm type. Therefore, improving farm performance implies a more targeted cotton policy. (JEL: Q12, Q16, O33, O55, C34, C51).