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In the collective imagination, the province of Tierra de Fuego has always been considered a mythical territory because of its unexplored resources, isolation from urban centres and extreme climatic conditions. Its evolution and development were always influenced by this mythical image and by the economic activities developed there. The territorial crisis now affecting the island (not only a political crisis, but also a social and environmental one) calls for the creation of a new, sustainable, development myth to overcome this situation. However, despite this promise, the province must deal with a highly complex national context, which limits its real development potential.