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It may seem ironic to compare the positions of Brazil and Mauritius in the world sugar trade, since the former is a towering giant whereas the latter is losing one of the bases of its economy. The two countries nevertheless have common features, in terms of history and the place of sugar in their economies. A comparison is also justified by globalisation. The ACP/EU Sugar Protocol, which protected the ACP countries from world competition, is being cut back even as the market is heading down. The impact of this reorganisation of the market is not only economic but also spatial, since territories are forced to reorganise in order to meet the new challenges.