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The vision articulated in the document presented by UNESCO in Tunis in 2005, resumed and updated in Mansell and Tremblay’s report (2013), outlines the general framework of construction of various knowledge societies, dynamic and based on respect for people, cultures, and the environment. The evocation of this horizon is the subject of the first point of this article. The implementation of this project, utopian in many respects, of pluralistic societies respectful of human rights, implies the adoption of various strategies. These strategies should be adapted to various cultures and socio-economic contexts. But everywhere they should be inspired by the same approach that is fostering dialogue between different groups of stakeholders. The discussion of this double requirement of uniqueness and diversity is the subject of the second point. However, the knowledge societies draft does not elicit the same enthusiasm all across the globe. It is facing ignorance, indifference, and sometimes fierce— and even violent—opposition from different social, economic, and political forces. The presentation of the main obstacles that hinder the development of knowledge societies is the third step of this presentation. A proposal to conclude: knowledge societies are social projects that are rooted as much in critical thinking as in a utopian vision.