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Understanding environmental impacts and interactions during the first 1,000-day period of infancy is key to developing a health promotion strategy for it. Determinants relating to experiences, living conditions, and interactions will have a critical impact on the body and its ability to adapt over time. Health prevention and promotion strategies during the first 1,000 days of life should take into account this scientific knowledge and the perspectives it opens up. This calls for a change in our approach to providing useful information to future parents and the population at large, and in our approach to intervening appropriately and proportionally when necessary, thereby reducing the impact of vulnerabilities on healthy child development. All the available information allows for a new vision of the perinatal period as a determinant of the individual’s future health at all stages of their life.