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Sylvie Mellet examines the hypothesis that dialogism is not only a discursive effect of meaning, but that it is also grounded in the language structure. In that respect, the expression of dialogism may be considered as integrated to the grammar itself. She supports this point by studying grammatical elements that are often and strongly associated to the expression of dialogism (concessive adverbials, comparative and conditional subordinate clauses, negation and the French modal verb pouvoir). Her analysis uses the framework of Culioli’s Théorie des Opérations énonciatives and pays a particular attention to the notion of notional alterity : She shows that each of those grammatical elements may be analysed as a scanning operation marker ( parcours in French) over the whole notional domain, i.e. over both alternative values p and p’. Thus, by focusing on the enunciative choice between the two propositional values and on the assumption of p rather than p’, the marker outlines the possibility of two assertive utterances, consequently of two enunciators and so, it makes the emergence of dialogism possible, or even necessary.