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Background: Although the risk factors for hypomagnesemia in inpatients and outpatients have been identified, these factors are yet to be determined in patients with end-stage cancer Objective: To determine the risk factors for hypomagnesemia in patients with end-stage cancer Design: Retrospective study Setting/Subjects: Patients with end-stage cancer who were hospitalized in a palliative care unit at Himeji St. Mary's Hospital, Japan, between January 2017 and June 2019 Measurements: Laboratory results of blood samples collected from patients in the palliative care unit were retrospectively examined. Medical records were assessed to identify patients with risk factors for hypomagnesemia, as elucidated by earlier studies involving inpatients and outpatients, and to evaluate their disease-related physical status. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the risk factors and the patients’ physical status Results: During the study period, 570 patients with end-stage cancer were hospitalized in our palliative care unit. Serum magnesium levels were measured in 432 patients, and hypomagnesemia was observed in 82 (18.98%) of those. Predictor variables of a significantly higher incidence of hypomagnesemia onset included the female sex and previous use of platinum-based antitumor drugs. In contrast, predictor variables of a significantly lower incidence of hypomagnesemia onset included the use of magnesium oxide laxatives Conclusions: Female sex and previous use of platinum-based antitumor drugs were identified as risk factors for hypomagnesemia in patients with end-stage cancer