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Background. – Recently, serious morbidity events associated with initial glomerular filtration rate (GFR) have been described during HIV infection, but this is insufficiently investigated in sub-Saharan Africa very affected by HIV. Objective. – To assess the impact of baseline GFR prevailing during the first semester of the HIV infection management on six-year survival in peoples taking antiretroviral therapy. Patients and methods. – Closed retrospective cohort study. The death was the expected outcome, the baseline GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) in the first semester of the follow-up was the main exposure. Kaplan– Meier method, Cox regression were used for analysis. Results. – According to baseline GFR: < 60, 60–89 and ≥ 90, the six-year survival was 81.6%; 95.8% and 96.4% (P = 0.067 Breslow). Adjusted hazard ratio for baseline GFR < 60 and 60–89 (vs. ≥ 90) were respectively 5.4 (95%CI: 1.4–19.9; P = 0.012) and 1.2 (95%CI: 0.3–4.0; P = 0.754). The etiological fraction of deaths attributable to baseline GFR: GFR < 60: 81% (95%CI: 0.31–0.95), GFR = 60–89: 18.0% (95%CI: 0.7–0.8). Prognostic concordance index = 0.84 (95%CI: 0.59–0.95) for GFR < 60 and 0.55 (95%CI: 0.27– 0.81) for GFR 60–89. Discussion. – The etiological fraction of death and prognostic concordance index associated to baseline GFR level increase significantly with decline of baseline GFR. Conclusion. – Baseline GFR seems to predict the six-year survival in African sub-Saharan patients treated for HIV.