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RésuméMussolini n’a cessé de recomposer sa figure d’homme providentiel en utilisant tous les registres qui lui permettaient de consolider son mythe et en mettant en avant les moments de sa vie à l’origine, selon lui, de son exceptionnel destin. Cet article étudie donc l’élaboration par Mussolini lui-même de cette figure, puis son enracinement grâce à une pratique du pouvoir, qui place le chef charismatique au centre de l’État fasciste et à l’émergence du mussolinisme. Mais l’homme providentiel doit alors se confronter au réel et à ses contraintes et, à vouloir tout assumer, son charisme en pâtit.

Mussolini never stopped to recompose his figure of providential man using all that permitted him to strengthen his myth and putting forward the events of his life that explained, according to him, his exceptional destiny. This essay studies the construction of Mussolini figure by himself, and its strengthening thanks to his exercise of power that place the charismatic leader at the heart of the fascist state and to the emergence of mussolinism. But the providential man then has to confront the reality and its contingencies and is charisma suffers because of his will to take responsibility of all.