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RésuméL’Islam turc se partage depuis la laïcisation du pays entre un islam officiel et des islams oppositionnels. Cette division se retrouve dans les jeux d’influence qui traversent les communautés turques d’Europe : une immigration plus récente que celle venue d’autres pays musulmans. Se croisent, de plus, les stratégies de contrôle de l’État turc, et les ébauches d’auto-organisation de communautés délaissant de plus en plus le mythe du retour.

Ever since the accession of Turkey to the European Union has become an increasingly concrete possibility, one of the most discussed subjects in Europe but also in Turkey is the Moslem identity of the great majority of the Turkish population. This article aims to give an outline of the different components of this plural Islam, focusing on European Turks and their politico-religious memberships. The article also discusses the concepts of official and oppositional Islam in the Turkish context and questions the relevance of this dichotomy. Finally, the paternalistic attitud of the Turkish State with respect to the European Turks is analyzed, in particular as it applies to the religious field.