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RésuméLa crise actuelle avec l’Iran met en lumière la difficulté de concilier le droit à l’usage pacifique des technologies nucléaires et la non-prolifération. Si l’Iran respecte la lettre du TNP, il n’en respecte pas l’esprit, ayant mené des activités non déclarées préalablement à l’AIEA, et n’ayant pas respecté ses propres engagements d’application du protocole additionnel aux garanties de l’Agence. On se retrouve donc face à un problème d’interprétation des dispositions du TNP.

The current crisis, born from the nuclear activities undertaken by Iran, resulted in clarifying the difficulty in reconciling the right to the peaceful use of the nuclear energy with nonproliferation. Whereas Teheran asserts its – legitimate – right to a peaceful use, the international community expresses doubts as for the real purpose of its program, and the IAEA is unable to guarantee its exclusively non-violent character. If Iran respects the letter of the NPT, it does not respect however the spirit of it insofar as it undertook activities not declared before the IAEA and did not respect its own engagements when it stated to voluntarily apply the provisions of the additional protocol to the agency safeguards. One faces, therefore, a problem of interpretation of the provisions of the NPT.