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The author studies the phenomenon of apartheid which keeps the majority of the population of a State in ignorance and in subordinate positions. Indeed, apartheid not only consists in practising the separate development of different ethnie groups or in bringing about an antagonism that favours group nationalism but, above all, in keeping the Negro in a primitive state by stifling his values and suppressing his civil liberties. M. Gassama concludes by stating that African culture must be redefined in order to bring about true freedom for African peoples.