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Aspects of anti-Semitism in Italy: the case of Greek Jews in Trieste, between the persecution of rights and the HolocaustThe persecution of Italian Jews and foreign Jewish residents in Italy began in November 1938 after the Fascist regime enacted anti-Semitic laws. Among the foreign Jewish residents were Greek Jews, many of whom came from the island of Corfu. They had moved to Trieste after anti-Semitic acts took place on the island during the 1891 Passover. These refugees had gone through a long, difficult integration, which was called into question by the 1938 laws that threatened their lives once again. During World War II, because of the conflict between Italy and Greece, they were locked up in camps as citizens of an enemy nation. Beginning in the 1930s, the Fascist bureaucracy carried out identification procedures that generated files on these Jews. These files were then used during the Nazi deportations, as individual accounts and numerous Holocaust victims from Corfu have shown.