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To this day, the idea that the Polish government collaborated with Hitler to persecute Jews in Africa during the Interwar period is a topic of debate—if not outright tension. Poland had clearly adopted anti-Jewish laws, as evidenced by its emigration policies, and Jewish emigration was one of the central focuses of the Interwar period. Only the great economic crisis, the rise of nationalism, a shift in the international balance of power, as well as other factors, derailed the country’s plans.However, the Polish political elite supported this idea, which was based on both colonial misconceptions—as seen in the case of the “Madagascar Plan”—and discriminatory political principles. This article examines how the Second Republic, influenced by national, and even nationalistic, currents in a population hostile to “foreigners” and Jews, promoted emigration as a solution to the social, political, and economic difficulties of the time.