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The atmosphere of suspicion which besets the 30 000 jewish immigrants in Paris from the Russian Empire during the ten years preceding the First World War temporarily improves in August 1914 thanks to the strong wish of the immigrants to serve the country which welcomed them and thanks to the number of those who enlisted. A short-lived respite : grudges of non-commissioned officers, bullyings, compulsory service in the Foreign Legion only, death sentences after the rebellion of 1915 dissuade the jewish immigrants from enlisting. The author studies, through the press and the reports of the sittings of the municipal council mainly, the reappearance and the operating conditions of antisemitic xenophobia.