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As an old emblem of Franco-judaïsm, maintaining strong ties to the authorities and showing refractory to Zionism, the Alliance appears, in 1940, as the Jewish institution par excellence. How did it react to the harshnesses of war and to the negation of its fondamental values by Vichy policy ? To which extent did its creed, its ambition or its intervening mode got modified at that time ? Such are the questions this article deals with by successively examining the composition of the head of the Alliance in the years immediately following the war, the program renewal as illustrated by the so-called « November 11th, 1945 Declaration of the Alliance », the relationship maintained by the Alliance with the CRIF and with international Jewish organizations, and its position on the « Palestinian » issue.