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A permanent problem for Jewish identity, as soon as Christianism existed, rhe conversion has always been felt and lived, and still is, as a treason by the Jews, be they religious or non religious. The outlook of the convert toward his « native » Judaïsm, has deeply evolved since the time of the Emancipation in Western Europe. During the XIXth century, converts, following the Ratisbonne brothers, chose to change religion because they refused the Jewiqh faith and way of life and even because of self-hatred. During the XXth century, they first wavered between rejecting the Jewish belief and asserting their belonging to Jewishness, then, after 1945, they have claimed their belonging both to Christianism and Judaïsm. Their evolution can be traced back to the changes in Judaïsm itself and also to the new outlook of Christianity.