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ABSTRACT Based on a comparison of the silences and discourses of Economics and Management scientists, this article proposes to identify the constitutive convention of Management Science which distinguishes it from Economics. After arguing consequently that Management Science is embedded in the Sophisticated Methodological Individualism’ Paradigm, a model is proposed to analyze the scientific production and definition of this emerging discipline. As an extreme result, Management Science could be seen as a specific approach of Economics sharing a common metaphysical approach with French Conventions’ Theory and Economic Sociology. On a more pragmatic view, this essay is an interrogation on the usually defended definitions of Management and Economics’ bordures. It also suggests the interest of Action and Conventions’ theories to contribute to this epistemologica program.