Baudot, Pierre-Nicolas <br/><br/>
Speaking as losers. An analysis of the defeat speeches of French presidential candidates (2002-2022) 

 -  2025.<br/>							 
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<br/><br/> ‪Drawing on a qualitative and quantitative analysis of speeches by defeated presidential candidates between 2002 and 2022, this article looks at the interpretation of defeat. It first highlights the use of arguments that create a disjunction between defeat and failure. It then shows that, by participating in the production of ‘electoral truth’, these methods also challenge the democratic process itself.‪