TY  - BOOK
AU  - Carrez-Maratray
TI  - From Archaeology to Social History
PY  - 2010///.
							
N1  - 80
N2  - Although long overlooked or challenged, scholars now acknowledge the strong urban character of the “pharaonic” civilization of ancient Egypt. The Greeks were correct when they referred to the many agglomerations—small and large—in the Nile valley as “cities” ( polis). Egyptology has been utilizing urban archaeology and the social sciences since the 1980s. Recent studies focus on the beginnings of the urban phenomenon in the pre-Dynastic period, royal settlements of the New Kingdom (particularly in cities of the delta such as Avaris, Pi-Ramses, or Tjaru), and on urban development during the Late Period (1st millennium BCE, see François Leclère’s recent book). Studies on the Late Period have stressed the continuity that existed until the Ptolemaic period (30 BCE) of an urban model based on huge “temenos.” These were not defensive enclosures as was long thought, but rather walled areas devoted to priestly activities (temples and high-based buildings). A real breakthrough occurred at the beginning of the current era. While drawing a sharp distinction between villages ( kômai) and towns (nome metropolises), the Roman authorities introduced “large cities” into the era of urban planning and municipal socialization. Once reserved for papyrologists (see recent works by Richard Alston), this field of investigation is being increasingly opened to archeology, as evidenced by our excavations of the ancient Pelusium (eastern delta, northern Sinai)
UR  - https://shs.cairn.info/journal-histoire-urbaine-2010-3-page-161?lang=en
ER  -