TY - BOOK AU - Bourgne,Florence TI - Calling a Spade a Spade: Allegorical Tools in the Pilgrimage of the Lyfe of the Manhode and Chaundler's Liber apologeticus PY - 2013///. N1 - 19 N2 - The allegory in Guillaume de Digulleville’s Pèlerinages (1330-1358) is known to rely heavily on craftsmen’s tools —just as the medieval Sunday Christs extant in English and Alpine wall-paintings. In an illuminated copy of the Pilgrimage of the Lyfe of the Manhode, Labour the mat-maker, whose activity symbolizes the author’s industriousness, is given a spade as attribute, thus aligning with Ricardian authors’ humility topoi. In Thomas Chaundler’s Liber apologeticus (c. 1460), a spade is introduced in the allegorizing scheme, identifying mankind and Adam, but also hinting that the author hopes for “mediocre” perfection, in proto-Renaissance fashion UR - https://shs.cairn.info/journal-etudes-anglaises-2013-3-page-323?lang=en&redirect-ssocas=7080 ER -