Portelli, Hugues <br/><br/>
The Criminalization of the Political Sphere 

 -  2009.<br/>							 
<br/><br/> 23 
<br/><br/> Given the lack of effective political accountability of public decision-makers, the legal framework governing various aspects of political life has led, together with a system of civil accountability to the administrative judge, to the development of a system of penal accountability for intentional and unintentional offences. The definition of the latter has become more precise and their repression more efficient to the point that it has triggered a response from both law-makers and constituents. While for the most part political personnel is now governed by common law, only members of the Executive retain some degree of immunity and jurisdictional privilege.