TY  - BOOK
AU  - Bourgeois,Nicolas
TI  - The Cistercians and the Livonia Crusade
PY  - 2005///.
							
N1  - 22
N2  - The Cistercians, who were very involved in the Christianization process in the Eastern Baltic, have long been accused of having introduced armed mission ( Schwertmission) in Livonia. This paper will show that the forced Christianization was rather a consequence of the ambitions of some aristocrats from Denmark or Northern Germany. We will also point out some historical mistakes. For example, the first bishop of Estonia, Fulco, was not a Cistercian. The Cistercians Theodoricus and Berthold did not launch the Livonian crusades, but Meinhard, first bishop of Livonia, did
UR  - https://shs.cairn.info/journal-revue-historique-2005-3-page-521?lang=en&redirect-ssocas=7080
ER  -