Ruiz, Andrés Soria <br/><br/>
Sympathy for Caligula? A new defense of Williams’ internalism about reasons 

 -  2023.<br/>							 
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<br/><br/> The purpose of this paper is to argue in defense of Bernard Williams’s internalism about practical reason. My intention is to motivate the view in a slightly different way from what has been accustomed in the literature. Thought experiments involving ideally coherent eccentrics are usually brought into this debate as a major point against internalism. I contest that point and argue that our intuitions regarding such characters in fact support an internalist understanding of the notion of reasons for action. To do this, I argue for a supplementation of Williams’s view with a speaker-oriented internalist view about the meaning of external reasons ascriptions.