Dumons, Bruno <br/><br/>
Soccer in the City: 

 -  2011.<br/>							 
<br/><br/> 60 
<br/><br/> In 1933 the Saint-Etienne Sports Association was formed. This professional soccer club gained European sports renown as of 1960 and provided the city with the opportunity to change its image of an industrial and working class city. It got itself a team, a stadium and a color; the ‘black city’ became a ‘green city’, showing off values of success and dynamism while its economy was being recycled. This became the symbol that exemplified the instrumentalization of sports in urban and cultural politics.