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    <subfield code="a">dc</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Cicchini, Marco</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Milices bourgeoises et garde sold&#xE9;e &#xE0; Gen&#xE8;ve au XVIIIe si&#xE8;cle. Le r&#xE9;publicanisme classique &#xE0; l'&#xE9;preuve du maintien de l'ordre</subfield>
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    <subfield code="c">2014.
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    <subfield code="a">18</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Fa&#xE7;onn&#xE9;e d&#xE8;s le XVIIIe si&#xE8;cle et constamment reprise par l&#x2019;historiographie, la figure du citoyen-soldat comme embl&#xE8;me du r&#xE9;publicanisme genevois m&#xE9;rite d&#x2019;&#xEA;tre revue au plus pr&#xE8;s des sources de la pratique. Un r&#xE9;examen de la question impose non seulement de s&#x2019;int&#xE9;resser, autant que possible, &#xE0; l&#x2019;organisation interne des compagnies bourgeoises, mais aussi de positionner leur statut et leurs fonctions en regard du r&#xF4;le croissant que joue la garde sold&#xE9;e. Financ&#xE9;e par des imp&#xF4;ts indirects puis par capitation, compos&#xE9;e de soldats pour la plupart &#xE9;trangers, la garnison effectue les gardes nocturnes &#xE0; la place des citadins avant de s&#x2019;&#xE9;riger en force de police arm&#xE9;e au d&#xE9;but du XVIIIe si&#xE8;cle. La recomposition des pouvoirs militaires dans la cit&#xE9; traduit avant tout une mutation des pratiques quotidiennes du maintien de l&#x2019;ordre. Elle exprime une reconfiguration de la r&#xE9;gulation sociale, commune &#xE0; d&#x2019;autres villes, o&#xF9; les formes de contr&#xF4;les communautaires s&#x2019;estompent. Une telle perspective n&#x2019;invalide pas pour autant la singularit&#xE9; du cas genevois en tant que cit&#xE9;-&#xC9;tat r&#xE9;publicaine. Dans un premier temps, le renforcement de la garnison, bras arm&#xE9; du gouvernement, se r&#xE9;alise au d&#xE9;triment de la subordination des forces arm&#xE9;es &#xE0; la souverainet&#xE9; populaire. Entre luttes politiques intenses, d&#xE9;bats acharn&#xE9;s et attentes plurielles en mati&#xE8;re de s&#xE9;curit&#xE9;, le pouvoir militaire est progressivement soumis &#xE0; un cadre l&#xE9;gal l&#xE9;gitimant l&#x2019;usage de la force physique. Le consentement &#xE0; l&#x2019;imp&#xF4;t militaire, la ratification de lois sur le statut de la garnison et ses fonctions sont alors des leviers de contr&#xF4;le populaire qui instaurent une force publique dissoci&#xE9;e du service militaire personnel.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Bourgeois Militia and Garrison in Eighteenth-Century Geneva. Classical Republicanism and the Challenges of Policing Revisiting the figure of the citizen-soldier, emblem of Genevan republicanism developed in the eighteenth century and constantly echoed by historiography, calls for a closer look at the primary sources. A review of the issue not only requires that we analyze, as much as possible, the internal organization of the bourgeois militia companies, but also that we identify their functions in relation to the increasing role the garrison played. Funded by indirect and direct taxes, the garrison was mostly composed of foreign soldiers; it first performed nightly patrols in lieu of the citizens before evolving into an armed police force in the early eighteenth century. This restructuring of military power in the city reflects first and foremost the mutation of daily policing activities. It expresses a reconfiguration of social regulation, in which the forms of community controls fade. Though this was common in other cities, such a perspective does not invalidate the status of Geneva as a unique republican city-state. The strengthening of the garrison, the military arm of the government, was first realized at the expense of its subordination to popular sovereignty. However, redefined by intense political struggles and debates, its military power was gradually subject to a legal framework that legitimized the use of physical force. Consent to military taxation, ratification of laws on the status of the garrison and its functions were means of popular control which established a public force dissociated from personal military service.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">XVIII  e si&#xE8;cle</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">milices bourgeoises</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">garde sold&#xE9;e</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Gen&#xE8;ve</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">r&#xE9;publicanisme</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">police</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">18th</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Geneva</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">bourgeois militia</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">garrison</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">republicanism</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">policing</subfield>
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    <subfield code="n">Revue d&#x2019;histoire moderne &amp; contemporaine | 61-2 | 2 | 2014-09-01 | p. 120-149 | 0048-8003</subfield>
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    <subfield code="u">https://shs.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-moderne-et-contemporaine-2014-2-page-120?lang=fr&amp;redirect-ssocas=7080</subfield>
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    <subfield code="c">871544</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">871544</subfield>
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