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The European Union (EU) is aiming to become climate-neutral by 2050, which will have a substantial impact on various societal actors, including employees and trade unions. Among the sectors facing the greatest challenges in achieving decarbonisation are the industrial sectors. This study investigates the positioning of trade unions and the drivers influencing their attitudes, strategies, and actions concerning the economic and social changes associated with decarbonisation. Based on three case studies conducted in different industrial sectors and EU countries, our findings challenge the prevailing perception in the literature that trade unions adopt conservative stances towards decarbonisation. While the regional, national and industrial contexts contribute to shaping their attitudes, these factors are not as dominant as assumed. Despite challenges, trade unions are actively engaged in decarbonisation, seeking to ensure a just transition for their members, and all workers involved.