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The relationship between Catalonia and Spain is currently nearing the end of the cycle that started with the democratic Constitution of 1978. Many reasons have led to a progressive deterioration of the Constitutional agreement. The most remarkable one is probably the failure in approving a new “Statute of Autonomy” in the second half of the 2000s. Although the “Statute of Autonomy” was not abrogated, some of its essential aspects were eliminated or interpreted in a very restrictive way. In theory, four hypothetical scenarios can be considered: the “Spanish nationalist” involution; a constitutional reform that introduced some kind of generalized and explicit federalism; a specific and bilateral deal for Catalonia within Spain; secession.