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The emergence of highly autonomous (HAVs) and autonomous vehicles (AVs) presents multiple challenges to federal, state and local regulators in the United States. These are truly disruptive developments that hold out the prospect of enormous social gains at the expense of uncertain social costs. They also threaten to scramble historic allocations of regulatory authority and make traditional regulatory techniques anachronistic and dysfunctional. This paper maps the landscape of regulatory challenges presented by HAVs and AVs and provide a preliminary assessment of the way forward.