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Road accidents in Ivory Coast and especially in Abidjan are a major concern for public authorities and populations in view of the many consequences they generate. This research aims to explain the occurrence of road accidents from the perspective of certain factors such as the assessment of sanctions and social conformity. To do this, through on-site sampling method, a sample of 228 drivers of "gbaka", whose age varies between 25 and 35 years, totaling 5 years of seniority in driving public transport vehicles, with a salary of 100,000 CFA francs was constituted. The results obtained show that the underestimation of sanctions and the conformity shown by certain drivers, by their individual and combined effects influence the occurrence of road accidents in Abidjan. This research shows that road accident prevention must take into account the psychological assessment of sanctions and social conformity.