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Kiyoshi Miki was a prominent philosopher in the early Shōwa era of Japan. Beginning from the application of phenomenological hermeneutics to the texts of Pascal and Marx, he came forth with a philosophy of history, the core of which is occupied by the present consciousness of historicity. Agreeing with the view that modern individuals were trapped in feelings of anxiety, Miki presented a new type of man who was equipped with both pathos and logos. His engagement in both the proletarian culture movement of the 1920s and the philosophical grounding of the New Order Movement of the 1930s failed. His unfinished pursuit of a genuinely Japanese philosophy of history and philosophical anthropology reflected the difficulty of philosophical investigation during that time in Japan.