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This contribution examines whether—and how—the responsibility of health care professionals is likely to be transformed as a result of advances in artificial intelligence. To address this question, it first clarifies the conditions that define the notion of responsibility, and then considers the performance of algorithmic systems in terms of information processing, visualization, and prediction. In this context, the three acts that express medical responsibility (diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic guidance) could potentially be, at least in part, assumed by AI systems. The consequences of this evolving situation are discussed in terms of the fundamental legal division between persons and things, and in light of the support that certain ethical practices may offer in this context.