000			01671cam a2200241 4500500
005			20250413011715.0
041			_afre
042			_adc
100	1	0	_aKennedy, William _eauthor
700	1	0	_a Delargy, Robert _eauthor
700	1	0	_a Delargy, Robert _eauthor
245	0	0	_aThe quest for sustainable attractiveness: Notes on the emergence of research/innovation clusters
260			_c2013.
500			_a36
520			_aMuch technological innovation occurs within clusters, to the extent that the creation and enhancement of technological clusters are widely believed to warrant public support. However, an examination of the origins of technological clusters, going back to the late nineteenth century, suggests that efficient and effective public support is difficult to achieve directly: the emergence of the most successful clusters, including Silicon Valley, has owed little to public planning and resources and much to chance and circumstance, while in contrast many conscious public efforts in the U.S. and elsewhere have achieved disappointing results. The paper concludes with a survey of the kinds of public-policy support - generally indirect and focused on the science base - most likely to succeed.JEL Codes: O31, R11, N70, O38, O51-52, H23
690			_aendogenous technological change
690			_aorigins of clusters
690			_aresearch subsidies
690			_aSilicon Valley
690			_atechnological innovation
786	0		_nJournal of Innovation Economics & Management | 11 | 1 | 2013-03-01 | p. 205-230
856	4	1	_uhttps://shs.cairn.info/revue-journal-of-innovation-economics-2013-1-page-205?lang=en&redirect-ssocas=7080
999			_c1103988 _d1103988