000			01821cam a2200277 4500500
005			20250413012229.0
041			_afre
042			_adc
100	1	0	_aMatouk, Jean _eauthor
700	1	0	_a Matouk, Jean _eauthor
245	0	0	_aFinancing innovation: an historical approach
260			_c2010.
500			_a97
520			_aTwo eras can be distinguished in the history of innovation: era of inventor and era of researcher, even if they recover one another partially. During the first era R&D was rather “reactive”; the inventor imagining solutions to technical problems, especially in manufactures (textile, steam and locomotives...). During the second era, the R&D is rather “pro-active”; being initiated more and more to find new products able to generate turnover. The types of finance also changed between the two eras. During the first, own saving, family saving and help of associates were the only ways to finance innovation. In the second one, big firms’ self-financing and recently risk-capital are more important. Although the part of R&D spending in GDP is well correlated with part of them issued from firms, the part of administration will probably increase in the future with the increase of risk and the necessity of a long term view.JEL codes: N20, O14, O31
690			_a“pro-active innovation”
690			_a“reactive innovation”
690			_a“pro-active innovation”
690			_a“reactive innovation”
690			_ainnovation
690			_aprivate equity
690			_aR&D
690			_aresearch
690			_aself-financed innovation
786	0		_nJournal of Innovation Economics & Management | 6 | 2 | 2010-11-02 | p. 147-161
856	4	1	_uhttps://shs.cairn.info/revue-journal-of-innovation-economics-2010-2-page-147?lang=en&redirect-ssocas=7080
999			_c1105188 _d1105188