000			01543cam a2200169 4500500
005			20251214025841.0
041			_afre
042			_adc
100	1	0	_aHowick, Jeremy _eauthor
700	1	0	_aDescamps, Emeline _eauthor
245	0	0	_aThe surprising history of placebos—And why doctors should use them more often
260			_c2025.
500			_a37
520			_aThis article explores the history, mechanisms, and ethical implications of placebo treatments. It begins with the origin of the word “placebo” and its historical association with deception, before demonstrating that placebos can produce real effects even when administered transparently—so-called open-label placebos. The first clinical uses of placebos date back to the eighteenth century, notably with Perkins’ metallic tractors. Modern research has since confirmed the efficacy of placebos, especially for pain relief, and has identified biological mechanisms such as endorphin release. The article also examines the ongoing ethical debate surrounding placebo-controlled trials, especially when effective treatments already exist. In the concluding section, it calls for a redefinition of the role of placebos in medicine—viewing them less as a methodological tool in clinical trials and more as an integrated, ethical, and potentially powerful therapeutic lever in everyday medical practice.
786	0		_nHegel | 153 | 3 | 2025-09-24 | p. 369-376 | 2269-0530
856	4	1	_uhttps://stm.cairn.info/journal-hegel-2025-3-page-369?lang=en&redirect-ssocas=7080
999			_c1573104 _d1573104