000			01699cam a2200241 4500500
005			20250121115350.0
041			_afre
042			_adc
100	1	0	_aSire, Guillaume _eauthor
245	0	0	_aGoverning HTML
260			_c2017.
500			_a33
520			_aThe decentralization and interoperability aims of Tim Berners-Lee, creator of HTML code and founder of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), were for a long time synonymous with the free circulation of information, open formats, and transparent procedures. Yet from the mid-2000s these points became more difficult to reconcile. This article describes how they have been negotiated since then, and considers the role played by navigation software, the owners of which created a second standardization arena, the Whatwg, in 2005, without leaving the W3C. The article explains the reasons for this, and describes the two visions of the standard – one attached to stabilization, the other to flexibility – that have existed since, and that are different but reconcilable and effectively reconciled. It then analyses the Encrypted Media Extensions controversy in which, from 2012, advocates of the interoperability of copyright management systems clashed with those of free circulation and transparency. This time the negotiations, rather than leading to a win-win situation, saw advocates of the EME prevail.
690			_agovernance
690			_ainternet
690			_aWhatwg
690			_aHTML
690			_aweb
690			_aW3C
690			_aEME
786	0		_nRéseaux | o 206 | 6 | 2017-12-11 | p. 37-60 | 0751-7971
856	4	1	_uhttps://shs.cairn.info/journal-reseaux-2017-6-page-37?lang=en&redirect-ssocas=7080
999			_c548751 _d548751