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041			_afre
042			_adc
100	1	0	_aBourgeois, Nicolas _eauthor
245	0	0	_aThe Cistercians and the Livonia Crusade
260			_c2005.
500			_a22
520			_aThe Cistercians, who were very involved in the Christianization process in the Eastern Baltic, have long been accused of having introduced armed mission ( Schwertmission) in Livonia. This paper will show that the forced Christianization was rather a consequence of the ambitions of some aristocrats from Denmark or Northern Germany. We will also point out some historical mistakes. For example, the first bishop of Estonia, Fulco, was not a Cistercian. The Cistercians Theodoricus and Berthold did not launch the Livonian crusades, but Meinhard, first bishop of Livonia, did.
690			_aMiddle Ages
690			_aLivonia
690			_aBaltic sea
690			_aCistercian order
690			_achristianization
786	0		_nRevue historique | o 635 | 3 | 2005-06-01 | p. 521-560 | 0035-3264
856	4	1	_uhttps://shs.cairn.info/journal-revue-historique-2005-3-page-521?lang=en&redirect-ssocas=7080
999			_c559030 _d559030