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041			_afre
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100	1	0	_aGabel, Isabel _eauthor
245	0	0	_aBiology, reflexivity, and history: Canguilhem in his milieu
260			_c2018.
500			_a31
520			_aCanguilhem’s early philosophical development took place in the context of a growing preoccupation with biology among French philosophers in the 1930s and 1940s. This article examines several intellectual convergences to show that Canguilhem’s project of elaborating a philosophy based on the life sciences did not occur in isolation. For Raymond Aron, the epistemological crisis in French evolutionary theory revealed the contours of a philosophy of history. Maurice Caullery’s 1931 Le Problème de l’évolution, had argued that, while Lamarckian mechanisms couldn’t be demonstrated in the present, they had nevertheless operated in the past. For Aron, this epistemic leap disclosed the space of historical theory, as he elaborated in his 1939 Introduction à la philosophie de l’histoire. For Raymond Ruyer, it was embryology that transformed his philosophy from a mechanist formalism to a neo-materialist finalism. Only after learning about embryology from Étienne Wolff, when they were both POW’s during the Second World War, was Ruyer able to inject temporality into his philosophical materialism. Together, Aron and Ruyer demonstrate that Canguilhem’s encounter with biology did not occur in isolation, and highlight the importance of his thinking about history.
690			_aRaymond Ruyer
690			_abiology
690			_aGeorges Canguilhem
690			_aphilosophy of history
690			_aRaymond Aron
786	0		_nRevue d’histoire des sciences | Volume 71 | 2 | 2018-12-06 | p. 155-177 | 0151-4105
856	4	1	_uhttps://shs.cairn.info/journal-revue-d-histoire-des-sciences-2018-2-page-155?lang=en&redirect-ssocas=7080
999			_c563855 _d563855