000			03183cam a2200157 4500500
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041			_afre
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100	1	0	_aThalmann, Rita _eauthor
245	0	0	_aL’Église protestante d’Allemagne face à l’hygiène raciale
260			_c2005.
500			_a27
520			_aIn spite of enjoying a comfortable majority (62.66 % of the population), the German Protestant Church (mainly Lutheran) has always suffered from institutional and doctrinal weakness. Unlike the Catholic Church (32.45 %) under the authority of the Vatican, supported by its clergy, by parties and by on specific union, the Protestant Church at the time of the defeat of Germany and the end of the Empire lost the prestige and the privileged status of an institution linked to the person of the Emperor : he was supposed to represent both temporal and spiritual power (summus episcopus), They were therefore distantly loyal to “the Weimar system” considered as a regime imposed by a foreign power but also nostalgic for a national version of Protestantism ; except for a few cases they were enthusiastic supporters of the Third Reich. Also their leaders promised the restoration of national Christianity and of a National Church inspired, they hoped, by the imperial tradition.In fact, the intrusion of “German Christians” advocating a drastic process of rooting out Judaism and encouraging “Germanization” succeeded in 1933 in conquering the majority of ex Prussian churches with the support of the Nazi party and triggered off the opposition of a minority (bekennende) attached to the preservation of traditional doctrines. Between the two groups, the larger part of the Church was centralized under the authority of a “Reich Bishop”, then, after his resignation in 1937, of a “Spiritual Council” of three members representing the “moderates” of the three components as well as an ecclesiastic administration under the authority of the Ministry of Worship.The (bekennende) minority mentioned above openly protested the intrusion of the State and of the party into the doctrine and the practice of worship, thereby bringing about repression – according to the Lutheran doctrine of the two reigns, it conceded the temporal authority the right to “hold the sword”, to enforce order in a world rife with violence and sin. Such idea of order went in the same direction as the racial policy supporting Volkstum. This “ethnic” concept had often appeared before Nazism in sermons and in many Protestant publications. The “Orders of Creation” extolled Fatherland State and Family as God’s will.While condemning the “idolatry of the race” at its founding synod in Barmen in 1934, the Protestant minority (bekennende) did not raise its voice against the murder of the mentally ill until 1940, and only at the end of 1942, after Stalingrad and the allied bombing raids, its voice was heard against the assassination of the Jews.
786	0		_nRevue d’Histoire de la Shoah | 183 | 2 | 2005-10-19 | p. 403-421 | 2111-885X
856	4	1	_uhttps://shs.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-de-la-shoah-2005-2-page-403?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080
999			_c870378 _d870378