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This article aims to show the originality and the richness of Smith’s analysis of the dehumanizing effects of the division of labour. First, I find out the origin of his analysis in the debates of civic humanism on the corruption of people’s character in commercial societies. Then I show that Smith presents a specific and broader concept of corruption based on his own ethical theory. To be more precise, the corruption of workers must be seen as a loss of the four cardinal virtues [prudence, justice, beneficence, and self-command) and as a weakening of their capacity to sympathize with others. Consequently, public education is supported by Smith on the ground that it fosters people’s civic and moral sentiments.