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Today, the world is experiencing profound transformations, marked by unprecedented digital and societal advancements. Higher education is not exempt from these changes. In this context, responsible pedagogical innovation emerges as a crucial driver: it goes beyond the mere adoption of new methods, encompassing the integration of ethical, sustainable, and socially responsible values, in order to reform the missions of public higher education—particularly the teaching mission—which calls for a legal reassessment. The challenge is to determine how the law can frame and promote responsible pedagogy, now recognized as both a normative and practical requirement, while ensuring equitable access to university education and aligning skills with societal and environmental needs. Such reflection paves the way for a redefinition of the missions of public higher education, with a particular focus on teaching.