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At the initiative of certain, mostly activist, professional segments, the field of social work is now engaged in a process of complete reinvention. It is on the basis of this first observation that the training-action “Reinventing Popular Education and Social Work in Neighborhoods” was born in 2015. Professionals, activists, and sociologists have sought to develop social intervention to take greater account of the unequal social relations that structure society, in order to turn empowerment into something other than a neoliberal slogan. For this purpose, they drew on the activist traditions of popular education and organizing, but also on the knowledge of materialist sociology. This article aims to return to this form of experimentation, that is to say to the theoretical considerations that presided over its conception, its application in practice, and its aims.