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Amartya Sen proposes bringing closer capability theory and human capital theory. An examination of this combination shows the potential of the capability approach for theories of education. This approach also allows a refinement of human capital theory. In many countries, restrictions on social mobility can be significant, and this will result, to varying degrees, in a large drop in the output of human capital. The introduction of the evaluation of levels of freedom of choice by capability theory makes it possible to better differentiate situations across country, and to propose suitable solutions.