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Can one language belong to two linguistic areas? The case of Rromani

Par : Type de matériel : TexteTexteLangue : français Détails de publication : 2020. Ressources en ligne : Abrégé : Can a language have a double (or manifold) areal belonging? This article aims to examine the case of an Indo-Aryan language in a millennium-old diaspora—the Rromani. The paper is based on research in areal linguistics, a concept that traditionally focuses on the languages of settled populations. The notion of Sprachbund, established mainly by Nikolai Trubetzkoy and Kristian Sandfeld, stemmed from Balkan linguistic studies as a continuation of Jernej Kopitar’s ideas. The concept was eventually extended to encompass other geographical areas—South Asia, in our case, by Murray Emeneau and later by Annie Montaut. The case of Rromani, with a dual areal development, is not very common worldwide; however, this enables cross-comparison of the growth of its two branches: the age-old dialect (Rromani from the Indian area) and the newcomer (Balkan Rromani). It also offers an insight into the stability and/or sustainability of traits acquired in both dialects, long after the areas under discussion were left behind. In fact, ancient features (brought from India) demonstrate greater resistance to erosion and change than transitional features (acquired in the Balkans), which aligns with the fate of lexical items: inherited lexemes are comparatively more resistant than loanwords, even when Rromani speakers are no longer aware of these lexemes’ respective origins and view them all equally as “genuine Rromani words.”
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Can a language have a double (or manifold) areal belonging? This article aims to examine the case of an Indo-Aryan language in a millennium-old diaspora—the Rromani. The paper is based on research in areal linguistics, a concept that traditionally focuses on the languages of settled populations. The notion of Sprachbund, established mainly by Nikolai Trubetzkoy and Kristian Sandfeld, stemmed from Balkan linguistic studies as a continuation of Jernej Kopitar’s ideas. The concept was eventually extended to encompass other geographical areas—South Asia, in our case, by Murray Emeneau and later by Annie Montaut. The case of Rromani, with a dual areal development, is not very common worldwide; however, this enables cross-comparison of the growth of its two branches: the age-old dialect (Rromani from the Indian area) and the newcomer (Balkan Rromani). It also offers an insight into the stability and/or sustainability of traits acquired in both dialects, long after the areas under discussion were left behind. In fact, ancient features (brought from India) demonstrate greater resistance to erosion and change than transitional features (acquired in the Balkans), which aligns with the fate of lexical items: inherited lexemes are comparatively more resistant than loanwords, even when Rromani speakers are no longer aware of these lexemes’ respective origins and view them all equally as “genuine Rromani words.”

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