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After reviewing the history of Esther Bick’s creation of the analytical method of infant observation, the authors present the fundamental principles of this method, along with the links in the chain of its therapeutic effect. The authors then report on the experiment carried out by Salvador Celia with medical students at the Lutheran University of Porto Alegre in Brazil, which they used as a model for a similar experiment at the Necker Faculty of Medicine at Université Paris Descartes. The experiment aims to sensitize students to the mental life of infants, the different aspects of primary symbolization, and the correct distancing of their own emotions and those of others. An innovative experiment in pedagogy, it introduces students to an open and counter-transferential semiology that will be of use to them whichever specialization in medicine they later choose to follow.