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The articles brought together in this volume examine the tension to the dominant culture within popular culture, seeking for continuously changing relationships caught between hegemonic processes (recuperation, commodification and normalization) and counterhegemonic dynamics (subversion, appropriation and recoding, emancipation). This article, rather than imposing a theoretical framework, seeks to review the state of the art in cultural theory. Articulated around key concepts such as hegemony or popular, it highlights the possible dialogue between several theoretical traditions, from Pierre Bourdieu, Claude Grignon and Jean-Claude Passeron’s sociology of culture to cultural studies. This volume also intends to make a modest contribution to the French cultural studies ongoing literature.