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– Joint Evaluations in the Domain of Higher Education and Research for the Improvement of Quality and Legitimacy: Challenges and Action Levers – An analysis of the challenges and action levers linked to joint evaluation in the domain of higher education and research, with the aim of producing high quality as well as legitimate results. It concerns diverse entities of every size; from higher education programmes and large research organisations, to research units and universities. Joint evaluation itself is varied in form, largely dependent on the different stages of the evaluation process. This method allows to better answer the needs of the different recipients of the evaluation, and constitutes an elemental factor in the quality and legitimacy of the evaluation. On the other hand, the joint evaluation method does not allow for the confrontation of radical criticisms on the evaluation itself, nor to rise to the challenge of demonstrating the impact of the evaluation based on the quality of the results of those entities’ activities that were evaluated.