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Spain stands out from other European countries in the important development of religious allegorical drama in the seventeenth century. Calderón, the main author, adapted the subjects of several of his secular comedias into autos sacramentales. This practice allows us to study the uses of fiction in allegorical drama. This article analyzes the transformations undergone by the fictional characters and plots in the passage from the comedia to the auto and relates it to the internal theorization of the allegory developed by the auto. The importance of the theatrical medium tends, however, toward the deconstruction of allegory.