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Neuroimaging tools (MRI, PET, EEG and MEG) have been widely used within the scientific community for more than four decades. Beyond its medical use, imagery has become a complementary approach to many research areas, as is the case for neuropsychology. Nowadays, however, whether imagery has been contributing to our understanding of how the human mind generates behaviors and thoughts remains a topic of debate. Notably, it has been argued that neuroimaging ( e.g. fMRI) provided insights into the brain localization of human behavioral processes rather than providing information on how these processes were implemented. On December 1, 2017, the French Language Society of Neuropsychology organized a debate with Bernard Laurent (Saint-Etienne) and Martial Van der Linden (Liege and Geneva) that aimed to shed light on this controversial topic. The debate was based on a list of items to be discussed. Through an overview of their own research, each speaker discussed the relevance of using neuroimaging as a means of understanding the origins of our behavior. Bernard Laurent explained how imagery tools have enhanced our theoretical and clinical knowledge of cognition. In contrast, some limitations of the current use of neuroimaging were noted by Martial Van der Linden. This article sums up the points raised in the debate.