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In neuropsychology, autobiographical memory refers to personally relevant events situated in space and extended over time that enable a sense of identity and continuity over time. Although interactions between individual memory and collective memory have been stressed, its assessment is still focused on a personal dimension. In psychology and in neuroscience, since the end of the twentieth century, the “social turning point” gradually led to the recognition of the social aspect of memory, as it is now accepted that autobiographical memories lie at the interface of personal identity and collective conceptions. This article reports this evolution by mentioning the main contributions to the field of autobiographical memory. The “November 13” research program was specifically designed to better understand the interaction between individual and collective memory, within the context of a large-scale traumatic event. At the core of this transdisciplinary research program, the “Étude 1000” consists in collecting the testimonies of 1,000 people, affected to a greater or lesser extent by the November 13 attacks, through a longitudinal approach involving four campaigns of filmed interviews over 10 years (2016, 2018, 2021, and 2026). The “Étude 1000” is closely associated with an ancillary biomedical study called “REMEMBER,” involving 200 participants of the “Étude 1000,” aimed at investigating the cerebral impact of the attacks and the cognitive disorders associated with post-traumatic stress disorder. Along with the “Étude 1000,” the protocol of REMEMBER, composed of neuroimaging exams, a psychopathological assessment, and neuropsychological tests, was repeated three times over five years (2016, 2018, and 2021). The transdisciplinary approach spearheads major methodological and conceptual advances and is particularly promising for clinical practice, as it should result in a better understanding of memory pathologies, including post-traumatic stress disorder, but also neurodegenerative diseases.